Petley a fullscale cutting slope failure experiment has been carried out at selborne, hampshire, england. From inclinometer kl10, six measurements were obtained in a. It is essential that the engineering geologist be intimately familiar with all of these methods because they provide ways of determining, relatively unambiguously, whether a. This program is used to perform slope stability analysis embankments, earth cuts, anchored retaining structures, mse walls, etc. Monitoring involved measuring the bending of the tubular piles which was done by placing vibrating wire strain gauges on the upslope and down slope sides of the piles along the length of the pile. Zctcx100 inplace inclinometer system is a highprecision monitoring system developed by shanghai zhichuan electronic technology. Inclinometer monitoring records of forty two boreholes from 19 landslide sites. The western slope of the belchatow field case study article pdf available in studia geotechnica et mechanica 382 july 2016 with. The sensor probe of it has a maximum measuring range of 30 degrees. Investigation of a natural slope failure in weathered tertiary deposits, western powder river basin, wyoming by alan f. In the ball type, the ball moves to the lowest point of the curve under the effect gravity. Slope inclinometers are essential for monitoring deep seated movements especially for land slide stabilization and other slope stability releated issues. Guide to geotechnical instrumentation durham geo slope indicators. An inclinometer is a highprecision instrument used to detect displacement along sliding zones.
Slope inclinometers are essential for monitoring deep seated movements especially for land slide stabilization and other slope stability. Stability and movements of openpit lignite mines in. Deformation data is necessary to appease abutters worried about potential damage to their property laplante, 1998. The use of the investigation data to evaluate the type of movement, the. Sitemaster is our new inclinometer software program. Numerous examples, drawings, and photos enhance the text. Cable tester a cable tester that has been used successfully for slope stability tdr measurements is the tektronix metallic timedomain reflectometer model 1502b. Stability and movements of openpit lignite mines in northern greece. Assessment of groundwater conditions in the rock discontinuities, as is true of any slope, is also critical to the assessment of stability 01, 28, 32, 49, and 40. The finite element analysis was able to predict the estimation of the slope stability induced by cutting. Standard test method for monitoring ground movement using. Might result from oversteepening of slope undergoing movement.
Muratas inclinomater is high accuracy and high sensitivity, by using original 3dmems technology. In the lecture part of this course we will discuss a variety of methods of analysis of slope stability and instability. Assessment of groundwater conditions in the rock discontinuities, as is true of any slope, is also critical. Interpretation of slope displacement obtained from. May 02, 2016 this tutorial shows how to easily input and analyze a slope and how to stabilize it using anchors. This study presents a selfdesigned inclinometer using fiber bragg grating fbg sensing technology, which was used to obtain the slope internal displacement. All of our inclinometer housings are precision machined. Department simplified users forest service guide to. It provides guidance for understanding and applying policies, standards and criteria in recognition of the need to. Geotechnical technical guidance manual may 2007 introduction 11 section 1 introduction this geotechnical technical guidance manual tgm provides technical guidance for geotechnical work performed by the federal lands highway flh. Tubular piles were used mainly to stabilise the landslide, but monitoring was also carried out on piles at strategic locations within the slope. A slope stabilitytype failure occurred, with movement associated only with severe rain storms. The fbgbased inclinometer was composed of a conventional abs inclinometer tube with an internal diameter of 65 mm and an outer diameter of 70 mm, as well as fbg strain sensors.
Cable tester a cable tester that has been used successfully for slope stability tdr measurements is the tektronix metallic timedomain reflectometer model. The slip surface is considered as circular bishop, felleniuspetterson, janbu, morgensternprice or spencer methods or polygonal sarma, janbu, morgensternprice or spencer methods. Landslide investigation step iv field instrumentation ground displacement. Chapters include geotechnical and geomechanical analysis techniques, hydrology, rock slope stabilization techniques, and geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring. Slope stability, finite element analysis, insite investigation 1. Inclinometer monitoring system for stability analysis.
Geostring in place mems inclinometer inclinometer slope stability, early warning of slope failure. Inclinometers, also called tilt sensor, clinometers or slope sensors, are designed to measure the angle of an object with respect to the force of gravity. The most important objective for correctly using the observation results is the accurate interpretation. Inclinometer can acquire subsurface movements automatically at frequent time intervals and provide a useful tool for geologists and engineers to enhance subsurface characterization, improve geotechnical design, and monitor construction activities in real time. Caltrans geotechnical manual california department of. Taylors stability number if the slope angle, height of embankment h, the effective unit weight of material, angle of internal friction, and unit cohesion c are known, the factor of safety may be determined. Slope stability, inclinometer, displacement, fem, inverse analysis. From the time the inclinometer pipe is embedded to inclinometer calibration and to measured data collection and processing, many errors or misjudgments can occur that affect the measurement data.
They can provide early warning of developing instabilities. Deep excavations deep excavation design and construction. Chleborad abstract a shallow landslide in weathered tertiary deposits south of sheridan, wyo. Slope inclinometer in geotechnical engineering is a borehole inclinometer. It is well known that fbg sensors can be effectively utilized for strain measurement. The geotechnical monitoring of the western slope was carried out with the use of slope inclinometers. A major geotechnical slope failure occurred at sta. For example, inclinometer data indicating increased rate of movement may be correlated with. These controlling factors are interactive, and the importance or effectiveness of each in controlling the type and degree of insta bility is dependent on local geologic, vegetative, and hydrologic conditions.
Figure 1, plan view of olf site, shows the locations of the localized cracking, slumping and settling, seeps, test pits and the inclinometers. It describes the basic rock slope failure modes and methods of analysisboth kinematic and kinetic techniques. Geo5 slope stability program enables design and analysis of slope stability with circular or. Slope inclinometer, borehole inclinometer, slope indicator. Slope inclinometer software with dxf drawings sitemaster is a modern and powerful software program for processing and presenting inclinometer readings. This engineer manual em provides guidance for analyzing the static stability of slopes of earth and rockfill dams, slopes of other types of embankments, excavated slopes, and natural slopes in soil and soft rock. The experiment used an extensive instrumentation system comprising inclinometer tubes. The data are periodically uploaded into a computer for analysis. Use of inclinometers for geotechnical instrumentation on.
The model 7040 abs inclinometer casing is self aligning and has self coupling connections. Typical applications include measuring the rate of landslide movement and locating the zone of shearing, monitoring the magnitude and rate of horizontal movements for embankments and excavations, monitoring the settlement and lateral spread beneath tanks and embankments, and monitoring the deflection of bulkheads, piles. Our devoted team has developed a wide range of geotechnical engineering. Taylor 1937 conceived the idea of analyzing the stability of a large number of slopes through a wide range of slope angles and.
Instrumentation for slope stability experience from an urban area. The two most important parameters are groundwater levels and displacement. Quick and simple assembly with accurately machined grooves makes this product the choice for quality inclinometer monitoring results. The inclinometers are conventionally used to monitor slope stability and embankment problems. The probe of a traversing inclinometer consists of a. Monitoring settlement profiles of embankments, foundations, and other structures horizontal inclinometer. They are certainly major factors in cut slope stability and in. Investigation of a natural slope failure in weathered. Theoretical and experimental study on the fiber bragg.
The setup for a traversing inclinometer includes 1 casing, 2 probe, 3 data logger, and 4 software. The aim of the stability calculation in this research is to evaluate changes of slope stability as results of changes in ground water levels within the slope. Slope displacement can be characterized by depth of failure planes, direction, magnitude, and rate. We are installing an inclinometer in a dam that has had some localized slope failures. Verifying stability of dams, dam abutments, and upstream slopes during and after impoundment. Pdf slope inclinometers for landslides researchgate.
The e ects of slope initialization on the numerical model. Scl3300 inclinometers inclinometers sensors murata. Simplified users guide to timedomainreflectometry monitoring of slope stability figure 4basic tdr system components. Soft soils, particularly clay underlying embankment. Deep excavation is a leading engineering and technology company, providing with its partners geotechnical, foundation and construction services since 1987.
Pdf inclinometer monitoring system for stability analysis. Slope inclinometers for landslides article pdf available in landslides 53. Site investigation inclinometers are used to ascertain the soil stability of a site. Methods for analysis of slope stability are described and are illustrated by examples in the appendixes. Instrumentation for slope stability semantic scholar.
Slopes in mountainous regions require cohesion 8 undrained short term slope failure in clay. Instrumentation systems for selborne cutting stability. The casing sections are coupled and grouted inside boreholes, or fixed to the surface of piles or sheet piling. Fhwa nhi06088 6 slope stability soils and foundations volume i 6 3 december 2006 6. The inclinometer first became commercially available in the late 1950s from the slope. Rock slopes 40 presents a good overview of design in chapter 1 on pages 11 to. This provides rigidity and stability as well as emc shielding. Long term stability of slopes and embankments on soft soils.
The limitation of inclinometers is that they measure only horizontal ground deformations. Inclinometers measure the orientation angle of an object. Qc casing installation guide, 697 3 the advantages of qc inclinometer casing qc inclinometer casing combines the quality and precision of slope indicators traditional inclinometer casing with a patented coupling system that saves time and virtually eliminates assembly mistakes. Use of inclinometers to prove slope stability geotechnical. Use of inclinometer for landslide identification with. Slope inclinometer software sitemaster deep excavation. Failure plane introduction the slope inclinometer commonly used today is derived from a prototype built in 1952 by stanley d. The landslide hazard analysis and mapping are crucial to reduce potential catastrophic loss, and on the other hand to guide sustainable land use planning as well. Inclination angle is calculated the amount of change of accelerate output signal from the gravitational accelerationg. The key characteristic of inclinometer casing is the presence of 4 preciselycut longitudinal grooves along the length of the casing fig. Designs are fully optimised to use the latest sensor, component and manufacturing technology to ensure performance, quality and reliability.
Slope stability and landslide monitoring involves selecting certain parameters and observing how they change with time. The slope stability analysis was considered only indicative due to the complex nature of the sliding mass fig 2 and greater emphasis was placed on slope monitoring. Stability and movements of openpit lignite mines in northern. Instrumentation that monitors ground deformation response has been used mainly for slope stability studies of natural slopes and performance assessments of earth and pavement structures. Guide to geotechnical instruments, 20041124 5 monitoring porewater pressure porewater pressure porewater measurements help engineers to. Information on planning inclinometer installation, acquiring and displaying data, and interpreting test results is provided. Instrumentation systems for selborne cutting stability experiment e. In the framework of the hycosi project several models have been used and developed for slope stability analysis.
Sitemaster can handle an unlimited number of sites and an unlimited number of inclinometers. Feasibility of using cone penetrometer truck cpt to. These tilt or level meters determine the pitch andor roll angle and output these values via the appropriate electrical interface. Zctcx100 inplace inclinometer used for sea reclamation. Slope stability analysis based on realtime displacement measurements article pdf available in measurement 1 september 2018 with 199 reads how we measure reads. Characteristics of ground motion and threshold values for colluvium. It is wide range measurement, stable performance, solid and easy maintenance. Theoretical and experimental study on the fiber bragg grating.
The most common type of inclinometers used in geotechnical practices for monitoring slope stability is a traversing probe, which is installed in a casing to record casing deformation and to plot the casing profile over a course of time machan. Performance of dams and embankments ground movements due to tunneling deflection of laterally loaded piles deformations of retaining walls. The model 6500 inclinometer casing is used in conjunction with all commercially available inclinometer probes to monitor the stability of embankments, slopes, rock cuts, foundation and excavation walls, piles, coffer dams, etc. On the whole, the sva interaction at the slope top boundary, together with the processes that it determines in the slope at any depth, represent the slopevegetationatmosphere slva interaction.
Zctcx100 inplace inclinometer used for sea reclamation in. The mahawewa landslide is a massive slope failure that is. An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope or tilt, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravitys direction. Use of inclinometers for geotechnical instrumentation on transportation projects state of the practice. It is essential that the engineering geologist be intimately familiar with all of these methods because they provide ways of. Casing is typically made of polymer and is permanently affixed in a borehole with grout.
Mar 21, 2016 taylors stability number if the slope angle, height of embankment h, the effective unit weight of material, angle of internal friction, and unit cohesion c are known, the factor of safety may be determined. Sitemaster works with any inclinometer system which produces a text data file. Manuals download pages dgsi durham geo slope indicator. Sitemaster also features a reporting tool allowing reports to be quickly generated and exported in pdf or ms word format. Slope inclinometer, borehole inclinometer, slope indicator deep. Inclinometer components and installation details are described. Data are stored systematically in an easy to modify folder, with corresponding displacement graphs organized in a simple and efficient manner. It is contribute to application is required high accuracy inclination such as industrial, and medical equipment. Slope stability assessment through field monitoring diva. Use of inclinometers to prove slope stability dgillette geotechnical 23 feb 06 10. Boeije and teunissen 1997 developed a 3d stability model. Slope inclinometers are often used to monitor the performance of slopes and embankments.